Effect of effusion hole arrangement on jet array impingement heat transfer

•Flow and heat transfer characteristics of jet array impingement with effusion holes are investigated.•A total of 300 simulations are tested for five hole arrangements.•The radial acceleration, turbulence, and jet potential core strongly affect impingement heat transfer.•Predictions of previous Nusselt number correlations for jet array impingement are evaluated.•A new Nusselt number correlation applicable to five hole arrangements is proposed.