Long-term Cardiovascular Risk in Astronauts: Comparing NASA Mission Astronauts With a Healthy Cohort From the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

No increased risk of CVD mortality was observed in astronauts with spaceflight exposure compared with a well-matched cohort, but there was evidence of increased total CVD events. Given that the duration of spaceflight will increase, particularly on missions to Mars, continued surveillance and mitigation of CVD risk is needed to ensure the safety of those who venture into space.