NUDT1 promotes the accumulation and longevity of CD103+ TRM cells in primary biliary cholangitis

•CD103+ TRM cells are the dominant population of PDC-E2-specific autoreactive cytotoxic T cells in livers of patients with PBC.•CD103+ TRM cells exhibit cytotoxicity against autologous cholangiocytes in PBC.•Upon antigenic stimulation, metabolic reprogramming and DNA damage response of CD103+ TRM cells is orchestrated by NUDT1.•NUDT1-dependent DNA damage resistance promotes long-term survival of CD103+ TRM cells via PARP1-TGFβ-Smad axis.