Probiotic as Immune Modulator; A New Trend in Medication

Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered in sufficient amount. The dead bacteria may express the properties of probiotic components. The most common strains of probiotics are lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, these are also present in functional food stuffs mostly in dairy and fermented foods. The use of probiotics based on the goal of producing food microbes that are healthy for intestine and food ingestion. Basically, the purpose of probiotics is to prevent from pathogens and maintain the proper gastrointestinal functions. The probiotics ameliorate many digestive disorders included, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and antibiotic associated diarrhea. Probiotics also treat other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, liver diseases, cancer and in the treatment of HIV. The patients of HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy, they, may have dysbiosis of gut microbiom. The probiotics are useful for the prevention of immunological activity of gut. Probiotics have different mechanism of action such as colonization of perturbed microbes in intestine, pathogens exclusion competitively, mucin production cell adhesion, production of short chain fatty acids and immune system modulation mainly differentiate the T regs and increase the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and growth factors.