Internet of Things, a vision of digital twins and case studies

Internet of things (IoT) is a communication between devices that otherwise would not have been imagined would be a part of the internet. The backbone of communication is the existing infrastructure that is commonly used. Collectively, a set of sensors from wearables to home appliances form the IoT network. The various components that play a role in the communication infrastructure, issues such as security and privacy are particularly important. The specific usage of IoT is in terms of digital twins (DTs) which is a representation of the physical system in terms of variables. Using DT substantially reduces the cost of prototyping and reduction of testing and wastages. Replicating, in a virtual world, a full product as compared to real-time analysis in a setup is meant to save energy and the cost of the materials. DT enables to cover all the phases of the product design till the end-of-life of the product with cost overheads. Usage of a multiagent system can clearly portray the interaction with the physical object and analyze through the data and provide good decision-making rules. With a growing number of nodes or devices that are being connected to the network, the data churned out are also increasing. Hence, a technique for IoT analytics is needed. The cloud-based services for collecting, storing, and analyzing the data from IoT devices are powered by applications such as Amazon Web services. The case studies discussed from telecommunication to medical applications are used to provide examples that are relatable to everyday functions of IoT.