Roles of mTOR in the Regulation of Pancreatic beta-Cell Mass and Insulin Secretion

Pancreatic beta-cells are the only type of cells that can control glycemic levels via insulin secretion. Thus, to explore the mechanisms underlying pancreatic beta-cell failure, many reports have clarified the roles of important molecules, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues. Studies have uncovered the roles of mTOR in the function of beta-cells and the progression of diabetes, and they suggest that mTOR has both positive and negative effects on pancreatic beta-cells in the development of diabetes.