Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Eccentric Structure for Omnidirectional Low Frequency Water Wave Energy Harvesting

Ocean wave energy is a promising green energy source, but it is difficult to exploit on a large scale due to its low frequency and the random uncertainty of its direction. In this study, a spherical eccentric structured triboelectric nanogenerator (Se-TENG) is designed to harvest omnidirectional low-frequency water wave energy. Power management circuits (PMM) are designed to optimize the utilization of water wave energy at low frequencies for large-scale conversion and storage. It is found that the output performance of the Se-TENG device is influenced by the frequency of the water waves, with the best output performance at a water wave frequency of 2.0 Hz, given that the wave amplitude is 9 cm. It is verified that within the Se-TENG, the parallel connections of eccentric structured triboelectric nanogenerators (E-TENGs) are more conducive to energy storage and conversion. In addition, the Se-TENG used in conjunction with an energy storage device is able to successfully power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and digital thermometers, demonstrating its ability to harvest low-frequency water wave energy in random directions. The unique structure of the Se-TENG offers an innovative and effective way of gathering blue energy on a large scale.