Study of Mixed Pollution of Haze and Dust in Jinan Based on LiDAR

From 26 March to 30 March 2021, a severe mixed haze and dust pollution process occurred in Jinan, China. Ground light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and satellite radar were used to observe and analyze the mixed pollution. In this study, a variety of data, including the pollutant concentration, meteorological factors, radiosonde data, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite data, as well as back-trajectory analysis, were employed to analyze the causes of the mixed pollution. The results show that, at the beginning of this weather process, fine particulate matter such as PM2.5 was the main source of pollution, and the low air mass transporting the main pollution originated from nearby cities and polluted industrial areas. After 28 March, due to the influence of a high-altitude Mongolian air mass, the concentration of coarse particulate matter such as PM10 increased significantly. The surface temperature, humidity, and wind speed also affected the accumulation of pollutants, which affected the timely diffusion of the pollution. In this study, ground LiDAR and satellite-based radar were used to detect the pollution. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the various meteorological factors, the formation and influence of the pollution were investigated from various perspectives. The extinction coefficient reflected the PM2.5 concentration, verifying the effectiveness of LiDAR in pollution concentration detection. The variation in the boundary layer height also had an important effect on pollution dissipation.