Investigation on the Temperature Stabilization of the Laser Diode Based on PID Control

The most commonly used PI/PID controller is used in industry. Almost all feedback loops in the industry use a P, PI, or PID controller (later PID will be used to refer to all subset controllers). The investigation is designed to stabilize the temperature of laser diodes using PID controller to: (1) stabilize the temperature to a certain extent to prevent sudden shifts; (2) be able to control the temperature using PID algorithms for the successful functioning of temperature-stabilized diodes; and (3) to minimize the fluctuation of temperature. The schematic method is to build a closed-loop system that regulates the laser temperature by using PID algorithms to keep the laser temperature as close to the required set point as possible. The system measures the laser temperature through the thermocouple which sends the acquired temperature to the microcontroller for processing. The system runs with P, PI, and PID controller methods. The Integral gain causes some oscillations but lowers the measurement on the increasing time. The additional integral term to the unit helps lower the steady-state error that is triggered by the P controller, as the integral controller constructs. The rising time is faster than 50 seconds. Many types of PID controllers may be programmed online using machine learning algorithms which improve the efficiency of the controller systems. When it is needed to continuously control a system variable, the PID control is an excellent alternative.