Myocardial First-Pass Perfusion With Increased Anatomic Coverage at 3 T Using Autocalibrated Multiband Imaging

Background Myocardial first-pass perfusion (FPP) imaging is a useful cardiac MRI method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, conventional 2D multislice FPP acquisitions usually have gaps between myocardium slices, which limits the overall assessment of myocardial ischemia. Purpose To increase the anatomic coverage of myocardial FPP imaging at 3 T by implementing both autocalibrated multiband (MB) acquisition and k-t space acceleration with compress sensing (CS) reconstruction, without the need for additional reference scans. Study Type Phantom and prospective human studies. Phantom/Subjects A T1MES (T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization in cardiovascular magnetic resonance) phantom and 20 subjects (12 healthy subjects and 8 patients, 10 males, age 42 +/- 16 years). Field Strength/Sequence A 3 T/saturation recovery prepared gradient echo sequence with contrast administration. Assessment Phantom experiments were performed to compare the performance of autocalibrated MB-FPP with k-t acceleration using slice-GRAPPA and CS reconstructions. In vivo experiments were performed to compare the performance of conventional FPP (2.5x acceleration) with autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP (6x acceleration). In phantom experiments, the error maps were calculated. In in vivo experiments, the contrast ratio (CR) and blurring were quantitatively measured, while image quality, perceived signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and artifact level were qualitatively graded by three cardiologists on a 4-point scale. Statistical Tests Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test. A P value In phantom experiments, residual artifact was reduced using the MB + CS-FPP reconstruction method compared with using the MB + slice-GRAPPA reconstruction method. In in vivo experiments, the proposed autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP method demonstrated significantly higher CR (3.52 +/- 0.78 vs 2.91 +/- 0.81) and had significantly better perceived SNR (2.69 +/- 0.29 vs 2.48 +/- 0.31) compared to the conventional sequence. Compared with conventional FPP, MB + CS-FPP doubled the spatial coverage (MB + CS-FPP vs conventional FPP) without compromising the image quality (2.69 +/- 0.26 vs 2.60 +/- 0.30) or increasing the artifact level (2.60 +/- 0.26 vs 2.52 +/- 0.31). Conclusion Autocalibrated MB + CS-FPP improved the myocardial coverage and achieved comparable image quality with the same spatial resolution and scan time as conventional FPP and is a promising technique for clinical myocardial perfusion imaging. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3