Energy transfer of trapped electron turbulence in tokamak fusion plasmas

The first principle gyrokinetic simulations of trapped electron turbulence in tokamak fusion plasmas demonstrate the energy transfers from the most linearly unstable modes at high k_θρ _i∼ 1 to intermediate k_θ via parametric decay process in a short period of linear-nonlinear transition phase. Dominant nonlinear wave-wave interactions occur near the mode rational surface m≃ nq . In fully nonlinear turbulence, inverse energy cascade occurs between a cutoff wave number k_c and k_θρ _i∼ 1 with a power law scaling |ϕ (k_θ )|^2∝ k^-3 , while modes with k更多