New Insight into the Measurements of Particle-Bound Metals in the Urban and Remote Atmospheres of the Sarajevo Canton and Modeled Impacts of Particulate Air Pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Sarajevo Canton Winter Field Campaign 2018 (SAFICA) was a project thattook place in winter 2017-2018 with an aim to characterize the chemical composition of aerosol inthe Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which has one of the worst air qualities inEurope. This paper presents thefirst characterization of the metals in PM10(particulate matteraerodynamic diameters <= 10 mu m) from continuousfilter samples collected during an extended two-months winter period at the urban background Sarajevo and remote Ivan Sedlo sites. We report theresults of 18 metals detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) andelectrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The average mass concentrations ofmetals were higher at the Sarajevo site than at Ivan Sedlo and ranged from 0.050 ng/m3(Co) to188 ng/m3(Fe) and from 0.021 ng/m3(Co) to 61.8 ng/m3(Fe), respectively. The BenMAP-CEmodel was used for estimating the annual BiH health (50% decrease in PM2.5would save 4760+lives) and economic benefits (costs of $2.29B) of improving the air quality. Additionally, theintegrated energy and health assessment with the ExternE model provided an initial estimate of theadditional health cost of BiH's energy system