Reconfigurable Hexa-band Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 2.1–3.4 GHz Band Applications

This paper presents the design and analysis of the reconfigurable hexa-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. Antenna is designed over the FR4 epoxy substrate (16 \(\times \) 33 \(\text {mm}^2\)) with defected ground structure (16\(\times \)7.5 \(\text {mm}^2\)) and three PIN switch diodes. The proposed antenna operates at one dual band (2.1 and 3.4 GHz) and four single bands (3.3, 3.2, 3, and 2.8 GHz) with 193 MHz, 400 MHz, 628 MHz, 647 MHz, 409 MHz, and 413 MHz bandwidth, respectively. For the proposed antenna, a maximum peak gain of 9.2 dB at 2.1 GHz resonating frequency has been achieved. Proposed antenna covers the wide range (2.1–3.4 GHz) band of reconfigurability with a maximum of 1.6 frequency ratio. The multiband behavior of the proposed antenna makes it best choice for wireless applications over single-band antenna.