Osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence

There has been a growing interest in pediatric and adolescent bone health over the past two decades. There is increasing recognition that the adolescent years are critical ones for bone accrual as peak bone mass is achieved during young adulthood. Gains in bone density and strength from the adolescent period ultimately influence the risk of fracture and osteoporosis throughout the life span. This chapter discusses the mechanisms by which genetic and acquired disorders of childhood can compromise the development of bone density and strength and reviews the current approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone and mineral disorders in children and adolescents.