Robust quantum computational advantage using fermionic linear optics and magic input states

Recent advances in NISQ technologies have led to an experimental demonstration of quantum (computational) supremacy of random circuit sampling (RCS) [1] and quantum chemistry calculations [2] on Google’s 53-qubit superconducting quantum computer. RCS is the task of sampling from the output distribution of a randomly selected quantum circuit, a leading candidate for a task unreachable by classical simulations due to its rigorous hardness guarantees based on two ingredients available in random quantum circuits: a worst-to-average-case reduction [3, 4] and anticoncentration [5].