Contributor list for the social science genetic association consortium research team:

We conduct a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of ~1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of ~0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11–13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7–10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research. 200 Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia 201 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia 202 Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK 203 Manchester Institute Collaborative Research in Ageing, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 204 Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia, Split 21000, Croatia 205 Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands 206 Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark 207 Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, 34080, France 208 Panteia, Zoetermeer, 2715 CA, The Netherlands 209 Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands 210 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands 211 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands DATA AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSION CODES Summary statistics can be downloaded from www.thessgac.org/data. We provide association results for all SNPs that passed qualitycontrol filters in a GWAS meta-analysis of EduYears that excludes the research participants from 23andMe. SNP-level summary statistics from analyses based entirely or in part on 23andMe data can only be reported for up to 10,000 SNPs. We provide summary statistics for all lead SNPs identified in our GWAS analyses of Cognitive Performance, Math Ability, and Highest Math and the MTAG analyses of our four phenotypes. For the complete EduYears GWAS, which includes 23andMe, clumped results for the 3,575 SNPs with P < 10−5 are provided; this P-value threshold was chosen such that the total number of SNPs across the analyses that include data from 23andMe does not exceed 10,000. Contact information for each of the cohorts included in this paper can be found in the Supplementary Note. CODE AVAILABILITY: All software used to perform these analyses are available online. URLs: Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC) website: http://www.thessgac.org/#!data/kuzq8. Minimac2: https://genome.sph.umich.edu/wiki/Minimac2 BEAGLE v2.1.2: http://faculty.washington.edu/browning/beagle/b3.html IMPUTE2 v2.3.1: http://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html PBWT: https://github.com/richarddurbin/pbwt IMPUTE4: https://jmarchini.org/impute-4/ ShapeIT v2.r790: http://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/genetics_software/shapeit/shapeit.html BOLT-LMM: https://data.broadinstitute.org/alkesgroup/BOLT-LMM/ SNPTEST v2.4.1: https://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/genetics_software/snptest/snptest.html REGSCAN v0.2.0: https://www.geenivaramu.ee/en/tools/regscan METAL, release 2011–03-25: http://csg.sph.umich.edu/abecasis/metal/ EasyQC v9.0: http://www.uni-regensburg.de/medizin/epidemiologie-praeventivmedizin/genetische-epidemiologie/software/ ldsc v1.0.0: https://github.com/bulik/ldsc Plink, 1.90b3p: http://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/plink/plink2.shtml LDpred v0.9.09: https://bitbucket.org/bjarni_vilhjalmsson/ldpred Stata v14.2: https://www.stata.com/install-guide/windows/download/ DEPICT (downloaded Feb 2015): https://data.broadinstitute.org/mpg/depict/ MAGMA v1.06b: https://ctg.cncr.nl/software/magma PANTHER release 20170403: http://www.geneontology.org CAVIARBF v0.2.1: https://bitbucket.org/Wenan/caviarbf MTAG software v1.0.1: https://github.com/omeed-maghzian/mtag Lee et al. Page 5 Nat Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 February 28. A uhor M anscript