Pain Management in Hepatic Patients Following Abdominal Surgery

Pain management in patients with cirrhosis is a difficult clinical challenge for health care professionals, and few prospective studies have offered an evidence-based approach. In patients with end stage liver disease, adverse events from analgesics are frequent, potentially fatal, and often avoidable. Severe complications from analgesia in these patients include hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and gastrointestinal bleeding, which can result in substantial morbidity and even death. [Laila Ali El-kafrawy, Mona Refaat Hosney and Michael Harby Habeeb. Pain Management in Hepatic Patients Following Abdominal Surgery. Researcher 2017;9(12):15-33]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj091217.03.