C-CSF: Accurate, robust and efficient surface tension and contact angle models for single-phase flows using SPH

In this paper we propose some important improvements related to the single-phase Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and available for different SPH schemes (such as Riemann SPH or delta-SPH). This model is based on the Continuous Surface Force (CSF), a volumic description of the surface tension and relies on an accurate evaluation of the local normal and curvature at the interface. In particular we show that renormalized SPH operators are necessary to both improve the stability and the accuracy of the model. We also propose a solution aiming at imposing a desired equilibrium contact angle near the contact line for the Boundary Integral Method (BIM). The proposed model is called corrected CSF (C-CSF) and is validated through static and dynamic test cases, with and without solid boundaries, showing that the proposed corrections are necessary to obtained the expected solutions. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.