Could gas-filled pseudocyst mimick extruded disc herniation?

•There are case reports and small case series in the literature reporting gas-filled pseudocysts (GFP). A systematic review is still lacking.•Mean age of the historical cohort was 59.47 years. There were 66 male (54.1%) and 56 female (45.9%) patients.•Gas-filled pseudocyst has most commonly been diagnosed at the lower lumbar spine.•Surgery was the treatment of choice in most of the patients (80%).•In the whole cohort, 79.1% of the patients had complete recovery.