RNA editing signatures identify melanoma patients who respond to Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab treatment

Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis for many melanoma patients; however, our capacity to predict patient responses and to understand the biological differences between patients who will or will not respond is limited. Gene expression profiling of tumors from patients who respond to immunotherapy has focused on deriving primarily immune-related signatures; however, these have shown limited predictive power. Recent studies have highlighted the role of RNA editing in modulating resistance to immunotherapy. To evaluate the utility of RNA editing activity as a discriminative tool in predicting immunotherapy response, we conducted a retrospective analysis of RNA-sequencing data from melanoma patients treated with Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab. Here, we developed RNA editing signatures that can identify patients who will respond to immunotherapy with very high accuracy and confidence. Our analysis demonstrates that RNA editing is a strong discriminative tool for examining sensitivity of melanoma patients to immunotherapy.