Burling graphs revisited, part II: Structure

The Burling sequence is a sequence of triangle-free graphs of increasing chromatic number. Any induced subgraph of a graph in this sequence is called a Burling graph. These graphs have attracted some attention because on one hand they have geometric representations, and on the other hand they provide counterexamples to several conjectures about bounding the chromatic number in classes of graphs.Using an equivalent definition from the first part of this work (called derived graphs), we study several structural properties of Burling graphs. In particular, we give decomposition theorems for the class using in-star cutsets, study holes and their interactions in Burling graphs, and analyze the effect of subdividing some arcs of a Burling graph. Using mentioned results, we introduce new techniques for providing new triangle-free graph that are not Burling graphs.Among other applications, we prove that wheels are not Burling graphs. This answers an open problem of the second author and disproves a conjecture of Scott and Seymour. (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.