Improved Salp Swarm Optimization Based Circular Arrays In Presence Of Mutual Coupling

This article presents optimization of circular arrays with mutual coupling effect (MCE) using newly developed algorithm, Improved Salp swarm optimization (ISSO). ISSO is employed to achieve optimum radiation patterns of circular array (CA), and concentric circular array (CCA). The radiation patterns illustrate directive main beams with various outcomes, such as suppressed maximum side lobe level, deep nulls placed in specific directions, and maximum possible directivity. The main beams of the patterns are made narrow and directive by maintaining the first null beam widths equal or less than that of uniform CA and CCA throughout the optimization process. The above performance parameters are obtained by optimizing the parameters like excitation currents, positions, and phases of the array elements, and number of array elements using a multi-objective optimization function (OF). The OF is formulated by considering the performance parameters and MCE. The outcomes are analyzed for eight different optimization case studies of CA and CCA. The results of the CA and CAA using ISSO are compared with that of other optimization methods found in the literature. The performance parameters of the case studies considered indicate that CA configurations using ISSO offer improved performance relative to uniform arrays and the configurations achieved using other methods of optimization.