Similar Pain Intensity Reductions And Trunk Strength Improvements Following Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Vs. Whole-Body Vibration Vs. Conventional Back-Strengthening Training In Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients: A Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this multicenter trial was to compare the effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and whole-body vibration (WBV) with conventional back-strengthening training (CT) on changes in mean back pain intensity (MPI) and trunk strength in patients suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). Two-hundred and forty CNLBP patients (40-70 years; 62% female) were randomly assigned to three intervention arms (WB-EMS: n = 80 vs. WBV: n = 80 vs. CT: n = 80). All training intervention programs were performed for 12 weeks in their usual commercial training setting. Before and during the last 4 weeks of the intervention, MPI was recorded using a 4-week pain diary. Additionally, maximal isometric trunk extension and -flexion strength was assessed on the BackCheck (R) machine. A moderate but significant decrease of MPI was observed in all groups (WB-EMS: 29.7 +/- 39.1% (SMD 0.50) vs. WBV: 30.3 +/- 39.3% (SMD 0.57) vs. CT: 30.5 +/- 39.6% (SMD 0.59); p < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for maximal isometric strength parameters with a significant increase in all groups (extension: WB-EMS: 17.1 +/- 25.5% vs. WBV: 16.2 +/- 23.6% vs. CT: 21.6 +/- 27.5%; p < 0.001; flexion: WB-EMS: 13.3 +/- 25.6% vs. WBV: 13.9 +/- 24.0% vs. CT: 13.9 +/- 25.4%; p < 0.001). No significant interaction effects for MPI (p = 0.920) and strength parameters (extension: p = 0.436; flexion: p = 0.937) were observed. WB-EMS, WBV, and CT are comparably effective in improving MPI and trunk strength. However, training volume of WB-EMS was 43 or 62% lower, compared with CT and WBV.