Mir-29a Knockout Aggravates Neurological Damage By Pre-Polarizing M1 Microglia In Experimental Rat Models Of Acute Stroke

Objective By exploring the effects of miR-29a-5p knockout on neurological damage after acute ischemic stroke, we aim to deepen understanding of the molecular mechanisms of post-ischemic injury and thus provide new ideas for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. Methods miR-29a-5p knockout rats and wild-type SD rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). miR-29a levels in plasma, cortex, and basal ganglia of ischemic rats, and in plasma and neutrophils of ischemic stroke patients, as well as hypoxic glial cells were detected by real-time PCR. The infarct volume was detected by TTC staining and the activation of astrocytes and microglia was detected by western blotting. Results The expression of miR-29a-5p was decreased in parallel in blood and brain tissue of rat MCAO models. Besides, miR-29a-5p levels were reduced in the peripheral blood of acute stroke patients. Knockout of miR-29a enhanced infarct volume of the MCAO rat model, and miR-29a knockout showed M1 polarization of microglia in the MCAO rat brain. miR-29a knockout in rats after MCAO promoted astrocyte proliferation and increased glutamate release. Conclusion Knockout of miR-29a in rats promoted M1 microglial polarization and increased glutamate release, thereby aggravating neurological damage in experimental stroke rat models.