Analysing the effectiveness of workload balancing measures in order picking operations

An intensified competition forces warehouses to handle more orders in shorter time windows. This complicates the timely retrieval of these customer orders. Planning order picking operations, thereby aiming to increase efficiency, inevitably results in balancing concerns, such as imbalances among pick areas, pickers or time periods. Reducing workload imbalances, therefore anticipating on workload peaks, results in a more stable order picking process. However, there exist several measures that can be used to evaluate and correct existing imbalances. This study contributes to academic literature by analysing, explaining and evaluating the effectiveness of various workload balancing approaches (e.g. Rawlsian's approach, range, mean-based) in order picking operations, more specifically in the context of balancing workload over time in case of restricted time windows for retrieving customer orders. Results show that the effect of warehouse layout characteristics and customer order parameters on the effectiveness of balancing measures is very limited. However, the underlying managerial reason (e.g. workforce allocation, transportation schedule or human well-being) for solving the operational workload balancing problem does significantly impact the effectiveness and choice of an appropriate balancing measure.