Risk factors for nonunion following tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

•First meta-analysis to identify potential risk factors for nonunion following tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.•Performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and methodology registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO).•Prior neuropathic conditions have strong evidence for failure to achieve union.•Studies in our review suggest that diabetes mellitus can lead to failure of fusion.