Update on the resistance pattern of common multidrug resistant pathogens to the common end resort antibiotics

Objective: To review across the globe resistant trends of commonly isolated Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms against four end resort antibiotics e.g. Vancomycin, Linezolid, Carbapenems, and Colistin. Methodology: Web based Medical literature search was done using keywords. Extensive search was done to retrieve surveillance studies data from PubMed/Medline, WHO databases, Health Surveys, google scholar and grey literature until December 2018. Results: Resistance pattern to end resort antibiotics is increasing worldwide and is regionally variable. There had been a rapid increase in carbapenem resistance in gram negative organisms across the globe in many countries, with very high rates of >25% in some. Colistin resistance in gram negative bacteria is so far less than 10% worldwide. There is an increasing incidence (approx.7/0 worldwide) of Vancomycin intermediate resistant in Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA), which may lead to therapeutic failure with Vancomycin. Fully resistant Staphylococci aureus (VRSA) remains low with sporadic reports. Similarly Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci is also generally low<1/0 with sporadic reports only. Conclusions: Since empiric therapies in hospitals are based on data regarding resistance pattern, there is a crucial need to determine current resistant rates at a global scale.