Inventory Planning and Real-time Routing for Network of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations

Battery-swapping stations (BSSs) are one of the main types of electric vehicle (EV) refueling facilities. By battery swapping, EVs first replace their depleted batteries (DBs) with fully charged ones, and then, the demounted DBs can be recharged in charging facilities in a stand-alone mode, leading to a decouple between batteries and EVs during refueling. This article targets the planning and oper...