Modelling the effect of behavior on the distribution of the jellyfish Mauve stinger (Pelagianoctiluca) in the Balearic Sea using an individual-based model

Jellyfish behavior and physiology significantly influence spatial distribution and aggregations in the marine environment. However, current models used to study these transport patterns have a limited incorporation of these physiological and behavioral variables. In this paper, the life cycle and movement of the mauve stinger, Pelagia noctiluca, is simulated from fertilized egg up to the adult stage using an individual-based model (IBM). Our model combines available knowledge on the mauve stinger with inputs of ocean currents and temperature from the CMEMS hydrodynamic model. Horizontal transport is solely governed by ocean currents, but vertical distribution is controlled by diel vertical migration, motility and stage of development. Particle agents are released along the submarine canyons in the Spanish Mediterranean waters during the spring reproduction period, to later disperse and develop through an interplay between physical and biological processes. When compared with a simpler model, that omits behavior and physiology, the biophysical model is able to qualitatively better predict stranding events in the Balearic Sea. Our results expose the potential for operational life stage and distribution modelling of jellyfish.