Efficacy of a 0.03% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse in reducing inflammation around the teeth and implants: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a 0.03% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth rinse, as an adjunct to professional plaque removal (PPR) and mechanical hygiene, in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM) and gingivitis. Material and methods Patients displaying PiM in, at least, one implant were included in this randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Subjects received PPR (at baseline and 6-month visits) and were instructed to rinse, twice daily, during 1 year with the tested mouth rinse or a placebo. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes were recorded at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Results Fifty-four patients were included in the study and 46 attended the final visit. In the teeth and implants with inflammation, a higher reduction in BOP was observed in the test group. Statistically significant differences between groups were only observed in the lingual sites of the teeth with gingivitis (mean difference = 11.96%; 95% confidence interval [1.09; 22.83]; p = 0.03). Overall, compliance and satisfaction were good, even though staining were higher for the test group ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The combined use of mechanical debridement with a 0.03% CHX and 0.05% CPC mouth rinse may have adjunctive benefits in the management of gingivitis, and it is associated with a higher degree of staining. Clinical relevance The control of gingivitis can be improved, after professional mechanical debridement, with toothbrushing and the supplementary use of a 0.03% CHX and 0.05% CPC mouth rinse at home. Clinical trial registration number NCT03533166