Overlay Satellite-Terrestrial Networks for IoT under Hybrid Interference Environments

In this paper, we consider an overlay satellite-terrestrial network (OSTN) where an opportunistically selected terrestrial internet-of-things (IoT) network assists the primary satellite communications as well as accesses the spectrum for its own communications under hybrid interference received from extra-terrestrial sources (ETSs) and terrestrial sources (TSs). Herein, the IoT network adopts power-domain multiplexing to amplify-and-forward the superposed satellite and IoT signals. Considering a unified analytical framework for shadowed-Rician fading with integer/non-integer Nakagami-m parameter for satellite and interfering ETSs links along with the integer/non-integer Nakagami-m fading for terrestrial IoT and interfering TSs links, we derive the outage probability (OP) of both satellite and IoT networks. Further, we derive the respective asymptotic OP expressions to reveal the diversity order of both satellite and IoT networks under the two conditions, namely when the transmit power of interferers: (a) remains fixed; and (b) varies proportional to the transmit powers of main satellite and IoT users. We show that the proposed OSTN with adaptive power-splitting factor benefits the IoT network while guaranteeing certain quality-of-service (QoS) of satellite network. We verify the numerical results by simulations.