Functional and structural features of proteins associated with alternative splicing

The alternative splicing is a mechanism increasing the number of expressed proteins and a variety of these functions. We uncovered the protein domains most frequently lacked or occurred in the splice variants. Proteins presented by several isoforms participate in such processes as transcription regulation, immune response, etc. Our results displayed the association of alternative splicing with branched regulatory pathways. By considering the published data on the protein proteins encoded by the 18th human chromosome, we noted that alternative products display the differences in several functional features, such as phosphorylation, subcellular location, ligand specificity, protein-protein interactions, etc. The investigation of alternative variants referred to the protein kinase domain was performed by comparing the alternative sequences with 3D structures. It was shown that large enough insertions/deletions could be compatible with the kinase fold if they match between the conserved secondary structures. Using the 3D data on human proteins, we showed that conformational flexibility could accommodate fold alterations in splice variants. The investigations of structural and functional differences in splice isoforms are required to understand how to distinguish the isoforms expressed as functioning proteins from the non-realized transcripts. These studies allow filling the gap between genomic and proteomic data.