Real2Sim: visco-elastic parameter estimation from dynamic motion

This paper presents a method for optimizing visco-elastic material parameters of a finite element simulation to best approximate the dynamic motion of real-world soft objects. We compute the gradient with respect to the material parameters of a least-squares error objective function using either direct sensitivity analysis or an adjoint state method. We then optimize the material parameters such that the simulated motion matches real-world observations as closely as possible. In this way, we can directly build a useful simulation model that captures the visco-elastic behaviour of the specimen of interest. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on various examples such as numerical coarsening, custom-designed objective functions, and of course real-world flexible elastic objects made of foam or 3D printed lattice structures, including a demo application in soft robotics.