Investigation of tumefactive demyelination is associated with higher economic burden and more adverse events compared with conventional multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND:Tumefactive demyelinating lesions occur as part of the spectrum of multiple sclerosis (MS), but can be difficult to distinguish from other large cerebral lesions such as neoplasm or abscess. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the cost associated with diagnostic investigation of patients with tumefactive demyelination (TD), including associated morbidity, and compare this to more typical relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS:Retrospective review of medical records of patients seen between 2013 and 2018 in clinics at the Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; a center with tertiary referral expertise in MS. RESULTS:Thirty-one patients with TD and 31 patients with MS were compared. The cost of investigating TD was more than 7.5 times higher per patient than MS ($18,300 vs $2418, p < 0.01). More patients in the TD group were admitted to hospital (22/31 versus 10/31) and ICU admissions only occurred in the TD group (10/22 versus 0/10). Brain biopsy was performed only in the TD group (7 patients), which contributed to cost differences and also accounted for differences in adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION:The cost and morbidity related to investigating TD is higher than in typical MS. Improvements in the diagnosis of TD have the potential to improve health and economic outcomes.