A self-adaptive and fault-tolerant routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks in microgrids

With the expanding development of power grids, a microgrid is proposed, which is located on the edge of the entire grid. The edges of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a MG are in edge computing environments. For initialization, we propose an edge-adaptive and fault-tolerant routing algorithm. The routing is constructed using particle swarm optimization and consists of the inter-cluster structure and the intra-cluster structure. To improve stability, we take the distance, energy and traffic into account. The cluster head nodes are adaptive and adjust their communication ranges according to the network conditions and the current load. In addition, we also consider the failure of sensors. The sensors can address accidental malfunctions autonomously and quickly. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the algorithm through the simulation. The algorithm proposed in this paper shows better performance than other existing algorithms.