Efficacy of Maxillary Anterior Segmental Distraction Osteogenesis in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to identify risk factors for increased relapse. Design: A retrospective study. Patients: Thirty-one Japanese patients with CLP who underwent MASDO were eligible for study inclusion. Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated lateral cephalograms obtained before (T1), at 3 months (T2), and at 1 year (T3) after MASDO, and measured changes from T1 to T2 (delta T1T2), from T2 to T3 (delta T2T3), and from T1 to T3 (delta T1T3). We also evaluated the risk factors associated with an increased relapse. Results: Overall (delta T1T3), MASDO improved retrusion of the maxilla. We measured a significant advancement (6.1 mm) of the anterior maxillary segment in delta T1T2 (A-McNamara classification) and increases in the overjet and the SNA, ANB, and nasolabial angles. However, skeletal relapse was evident in delta T2T3, and the median percentage of relapse was 10%. To explore the risk factors, we subdivided patients with a delta T1T2 of >5 mm into 2 groups based on the percentage of relapse (>15% vs <= 15%). There were significant differences between these groups in the vertical positions of the anterior nasal spine and point A, and the angle formed by the SN and palatal planes (SNPP), suggestive of intraoperative counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla. Conclusions: MASDO is effective for correcting midfacial deficiencies, but counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla during surgery may cause relapse.