Symbolic execution with existential second-order constraints.

Symbolic execution systematically explores program paths by solving path conditions --- formulas over symbolic variables. Typically, the symbolic variables range over numbers, arrays and strings. We introduce symbolic execution with existential second-order constraints --- an extension of traditional symbolic execution that allows symbolic variables to range over functions whose interpretations are restricted by a user-defined language. The aims of this new technique are twofold. First, it offers a general analysis framework that can be applied in multiple domains such as program repair and library modelling. Secondly, it addresses the path explosion problem of traditional first-order symbolic execution in certain applications. To realize this technique, we integrate symbolic execution with program synthesis. Specifically, we propose a method of second-order constraint solving that provides efficient proofs of unsatisfiability, which is critical for the performance of symbolic execution. Our evaluation shows that the proposed technique (1) helps to repair programs with loops by mitigating the path explosion, (2) can enable analysis of applications written against unavailable libraries by modelling these libraries from the usage context.