Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries, examined and described. In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections, DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ranks. Wherever new species or combinations are proposed, we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable. Notes on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae , Didysimulans gen. nov., 81 new species, 18 new host records and new country records, five reference specimens, two new combinations, and three sexual and asexual morph reports. The new species are Amanita cornelii , A . emodotrygon , Angustimassarina alni , A . arezzoensis , A . italica , A . lonicerae , A . premilcurensis , Ascochyta italica , A . rosae , Austroboletus appendiculatus , Barriopsis thailandica , Berkleasmium ariense , Calophoma petasitis , Camarosporium laburnicola , C . moricola , C . grisea , C . ossea , C . paraincrustata , Colletotrichum sambucicola , Coprinopsis cerkezii , Cytospora gelida , Dacrymyces chiangraiensis , Didysimulans italica , D . mezzanensis , Entodesmium italica , Entoloma magnum , Evlachovaea indica , Exophiala italica , Favolus gracilisporus , Femsjonia monospora , Fomitopsis flabellata , F . roseoalba , Gongronella brasiliensis , Helvella crispoides , Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis , H . chromolaenae , Hysterium centramurum , Inflatispora caryotae , Inocybe brunneosquamulosa , I . luteobrunnea , I . rubrobrunnea , Keissleriella cirsii , Lepiota cylindrocystidia , L . flavocarpa , L . maerimensis , Lophiotrema guttulata , Marasmius luculentus , Morenoina calamicola , Moelleriella thanathonensis , Mucor stercorarius , Myrmecridium fluviae , Myrothecium septentrionale , Neosetophoma garethjonesii , Nigrograna cangshanensis , Nodulosphaeria guttulatum , N . multiseptata , N . sambuci , Panus subfasciatus , Paraleptosphaeria padi , Paraphaeosphaeria viciae , Parathyridaria robiniae , Penicillium punicae , Phaeosphaeria calamicola , Phaeosphaeriopsis yuccae , Pleurophoma italica , Polyporus brevibasidiosus , P . koreanus , P . orientivarius , P . parvovarius , P . subdictyopus , P . ulleungus , Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea , Rosellinia mearnsii , Rubroboletus demonensis , Russula yanheensis , Sigarispora muriformis , Sillia italica , Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola , Strobilomyces longistipitatus , Subplenodomus galicola and Wolfiporia pseudococos . The new combinations are Melanomma populina and Rubroboletus eastwoodiae . The reference specimens are Cookeina tricholoma , Gnomoniopsis sanguisorbae , Helvella costifera , Polythrincium trifolii and Russula virescens . The new host records and country records are Ascochyta medicaginicola , Boletellus emodensis , Cyptotrama asprata , Cytospora ceratosperma , Favolaschia auriscalpium , F . manipularis , Hysterobrevium mori , Lentinus sajor - caju , L . squarrosulus , L . velutinus , Leucocoprinus cretaceus , Lophiotrema vagabundum , Nothophoma quercina , Platystomum rosae , Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei , Tremella fuciformis , Truncatella spartii and Vaginatispora appendiculata and three sexual and asexual morphs are Aposphaeria corallinolutea , Dothiora buxi and Hypocrella calendulina .