Personalized Tag Recommendation for Images Using Deep Transfer Learning.

Image tag recommendation in social media systems provides the users with personalized tag suggestions which facilitate the users' tagging task and enable automatic organization and many image retrieval tasks. Factorization models are a widely used approach for personalized tag recommendation and achieve good results. These methods rely on the user's tagging preferences only and ignore the contents of the image. However, it is obvious that especially the contents of the image, such as the objects appearing in the image, colors, shapes or other visual aspects, strongly influence the user's tagging decisions. We present a personalized content-aware image tag recommendation approach that combines both historical tagging information and image-based features in a factorization model. Employing transfer learning, we apply state of the art deep learning image classification and object detection techniques to extract powerful features from the images. Both, image information and tagging history, are fed to an adaptive factorization model to recommend tags. Empirically, we can demonstrate that the visual and object-based features can improve the performance up to 1.5% over the state of the art.