Ion Binding to Transport Proteins using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is an emerging, label-free technology used to measure ligand binding to membrane proteins. This technology utilizes a titration calorimeter to measure the heat exchange upon ligands binding to proteins, the magnitude of which is based on the overall enthalpy of the reaction. In this protocol, the steps we and others use to measure ion binding to ion transport proteins are described.