The performance of indirect foot pointing using discrete taps and kicks while standing.

We investigate the performance of indirect foot pointing while standing using discrete taps and kicks. Two experiments show that left and right feet perform at similar levels, there is little difference in selection time across target configurations or directions, but targets with an angular size under 22.5° or radial size under 5cm should be avoided due to high error rates. There is a detectable advantage to tapping compared to kicking, but little practical difference. Although cursor feedback is optimal, we show that eyes-free foot pointing achieves an error rate of 27% for 45° angular targets. We translate our results into ten design guidelines and we illustrate their application by designing foot interaction techniques to control desktop applications at a standing desk.