Recognizing 3-collapsing words over a binary alphabet

A finite deterministic automaton A = ( Q , Σ , ź ) is k-compressible if there is a word w ź Σ + such that the image of the state set Q under the natural action of w is reduced by at least k states. In such case w is called a k-compressing word for A . It is known that, for any alphabet Σ and any k ź 2 , there exist words that are k-compressing for each k-compressible automaton with the input alphabet Σ. Such words are called k-collapsing. It has been proved that recognizing 2-collapsing words over a 2-element alphabet may be done in polynomial time, while recognizing 2-collapsing words over an alphabet of size n ź 3 is co-NP-complete. The computational complexity of recognizing k-collapsing words with k ź 3 over an n-element alphabet has remained open. In this paper we prove that this remaining problem is co-NP-complete in the simplest case with k = 3 and n = 2 .