Conceptual design using functional 3D models in augmented reality

Conceptual design defines the basic form and function of a product. In this paper, the use of functional 3D models (F3DM) for conceptual design is presented. The designer performs conceptual design by first defining how the product can be used in the form of a Product Use Model, followed by creating basic 3D models using his/her bare hands in an Augmented Reality CAD Environment (ARCADE). A multilevel function–behavior–structure modeling framework is developed for design reasoning and evaluation to ensure that the design is functionally and geometrically consistent. The functional behavior of a product can be simulated as a prototype in ARCADE to demonstrate the use of the product and detect potential usability issues. Two case studies of the design of a table-top cleaner and a fruit processor are conducted to demonstrate the application of F3DM in conceptual design.