A Detailed Study On Nuclear Composition Of Primary Cosmic Rays Around The Knee With Grapes-3

Hirohisa Tanaka,S K Gupta,Yoshitsugu Hayashi,Nobuyasu Ito,Arun K Jain, Alexander V St John,S Karthikeyan,S Kawakami,Haruo Kojima,Kaname Matsumoto,Yuji Matsumoto, T Matsutama,Deepak Mohanty,P K Mohanty,Stephen D Morris,T Nonaka,Takeshi Okuda,A Oshima, B P C Rao,K C Ravindran, K Sivaprasad,B V Sreekantan,S C Tonwar,K S Viswanathan,Takanori Yoshikoshi

Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol 6: HE 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3（2005）

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摘要

GRAPES-3 is a high-density air shower array with large area muon detectors. The energy spectra of various nuclei (H, He, N, Al and Fe) and their mean mass have been obtained through a combination of observations on electrons and muons. The mean mass number gradually increases through the knee region. These results show dependence on the hadronic interaction models of EAS Monte Carlo. Two models, QGSJET and SIBYLL, were investigated and their results were compared with those from direct measurements. Predictions of SIBYLL agree with JACEE results, but some discrepancy is seen between QGSJET and JACEE. Some models proposed in literature to explain the occurrence of the knee are used to compare them with our results.

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cosmic ray

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