Inference generation in young, young–old and old–old adults: evidence for semantic architecture stability

Participants (31 young, 27 young-old, and 28 old-old) read 12 narratives, pausing periodically to think aloud. The resulting protocols were analysed for 17 types of inferences and for non-content (off-target) information. Factor analysis yielded three inference factors: character, causal and physical. Age difference across these factors were not significant, suggesting that inferential processing architecture may be stable. Each narrative also included an unfamiliar word. Immediately following each narrative, four definition choices and a definition rating scale were presented. The definition scores of old-old adults were lower than young and young-old. In addition, definition scores were negatively related to non-content comment counts. Taken together, these findings suggest that off-target working-memory intrusions may interfere with interpretation specificity in older adults even though semantic architecture remains stable. This study extends the aging and inference literature by addressing age-related changes across categories of inferential processing and by including a sample of old-old adults. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.