A 32–48 Gb/s Serializing Transmitter Using Multiphase Serialization in 65 nm CMOS Technology

A power-efficient transmitter is proposed using a multiphase serializer, multiphase dividers using injection-locked oscillators, and a high-speed multiplexing structure to relax the timing constraints. With this architecture, bit times near 1 FO-4 gate delay are achieved using only nominal VT devices in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The divider and serializer operate over a wide range of data rates between 32 and 48 Gb/s limited mainly by the operation range of the frequency synthesizer. The transmitter occupies 0.4 mm2 and consumes 88 mW from a 1.2 V supply which corresponds to 1.8 pJ/bit of power efficiency.