Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 by Src family kinases after brain ischaemia.

PSD (postsynaptic density)-95, a scaffold protein that tethers NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors to signal Molecules, is implicated in pathological events resulting from excitotoxicity. The present Study demonstrates that brain ischaemia and reperfusion increase the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 in the rat hippocampus. PP2, it specific inhibitor of SrcPTKs (Src family protein tyrosine kinases), prevents the ischaemia-induced increases not only ill the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95, but also in the interaction between PSD-95 and Src kinases. PSD-95 is phosphorylated either by purified Src/Fyn kinases in vitro or by co-expression of constitutively active Src/Fyn in COS7 cells. The results suggest that SrcPTKs are involved in PSD-95 phosphorylation. The single Tyr(523) mutation to phenylalanine (Y523F) reduces file Src/Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of PSD-95 in COS7 cells and in vitro. As shown with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against phospho-PSD-95 (Tyr(523)), Tyr(523) phosphorylation is responsible for the increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 induced by ischaemia ill file rat hippocampus. In Cultured hippocampal neurons, over-expression of PSD-95 Y523F, but not PSD-95 Y533F, abolishes the facilitating effect of PSD-95 oil the glutamate- or NMDA-mediated currents, implying that PSD-95 Tyr(523) phosphorylation contributes to the post-ischaemic over-activation of NMDA receptors. Thus the present Study reveals an additional mechanism for the regulation of PSD-95 by tyrosine phosphorylation. This mechanism inlay be of pathological significance since it is associated with excitotoxicity in the ischaemic brain.