Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted electroless plating on thermoplastic polymers

STEM-EDS map of the Ni concentration profile at a cross-section of the interface between the PA6 substrate and Ni–P film (black region on the left is PA6, white and red region is Ni–P film). Composite layer of PA6 and Ni–P (green and blue) is formed by a hybrid process of supercritical impregnation of Pd catalyst and CO2 and EtOH assisted electroless plating.