Balancing Risk and Reward in a Market-Based Task Service
IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing(2004)
摘要
This paper investigates the question of scheduling tasks according to a user-centric value metric-called yield or utility. User value is an attractive basis for allocating shared computing resources, and is fundamental to economic approaches to resource management in linked clusters or grids. Even so, commonly used batch schedulers do not yet support value-based scheduling, and there has been little study of its use in a market-based grid setting. In part this is because scheduling to maximize time-varying value is a difficult problem where even simple formulations are intractable. We present improved heuristics for value-based task scheduling using a simple but rich formulation of value, in which a task's yield decays linearly with its waiting time. We also show the role of value-based scheduling heuristics in a framework for market-based bidding and admission control, in which clients negotiate for task services from multiple grid sites. Our approach follows an investment metaphor: the heuristics balance the risk of future costs against the potential for gains in accepting and scheduling tasks. In particular, we show the importance of opportunity cost, and the impact of risk due to uncertainty in the future job mix.
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关键词
scheduling task,future cost,value-based task scheduling,value-based scheduling heuristics,value-based scheduling,balancing risk,task service,user-centric value,user value,market-based task service,heuristics balance,time-varying value,grid computing,investments,opportunity cost,risk analysis,computer science,environmental economics,scheduling,resource allocation,economic forecasting,resource management,uncertainty
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