Developmental Regulation of the β-Globin Gene Locus

The β-globin genes have become a classical model for studying regulation of gene expression. Wide-ranging studies have revealed multiple levels of epigenetic regulation that coordinately ensure a highly specialised, tissue- and stage-specific gene transcription pattern. Key players include cis-acting elements involved in establishing and maintaining specific chromatin conformations and histone modification patterns, elements engaged in the transcription process through long-range regulatory interactions, trans-acting general and tissue-specific factors. On a larger scale, molecular events occurring at the locus level take place in the context of a highly dynamic nucleus as part of the cellular epigenetic programme.